Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
INTRODUCTION
I. THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN PURE AND EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE. (p. 41)
- All knowledge begins with experience.
- But it does not follow that it all arises out of experience
- A priori: knowledge that is independent of experience and the senses.
- Entitled Pure when there is no admixture of anything empirical.
II. WE ARE IN POSSESSION OF CERTAIN MODES OF A PRIORI KNOWLEDGE, AND EVEN THE COMMON UNDERSTANDING IS NEVER WITHOUT THEM. (p. 43)
- A proposition which is thought of as necessary is a priori.
- If it is not derived from any proposition except on which also has the validity of a necessary judgment, it is an absolutely a priori judgment.
- A proposition which is thought of as universal is a priori.
- Empirical universality is only arbitrary.
III. PHILOSOPHY STANDS IN NEED OF A SCIENCE WHICH SHALL DETERMINE THE POSSIBILITY, THE PRINCIPLES AND THE EXTENT OF ALL A PRIORI KNOWLEDGE. (p. 45)
- Certain modes of knowledge leave the field of all possible experience and have the appearance of extending the scope of our judgments beyond the limits of experience.
- The unavoidable problems of pure reason are God, freedom and immortality.
- Mathematics is an example of how far, independently of experience, we can progress in a priori knowledge.
IV. THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN ANALYTIC AND SYNTHETIC JUDGMENTS (p. 48)
- Analytic Judgments: those in which the connection of the predicate with the subject is thought through identity.
- Synthetic Judgments: Those in which the connection is thought without identity.
- Judgments of experience are all synthetic.
V. IN ALL THEORETICAL SCIENCES OF REASON SYNTHETIC A PRORI JUDGMENTS ARE CONTAINED AS PRINCIPLES. (p. 52)
- All mathematical judgments are synthetic.
- They are a priori because they are necessary.
- Natural science (physics) contains a priori synthetic judgments as principles.
- Metaphysics ought to contain a priori synthetic knowledge.
VI. THE GENERAL PROBLEM OF PURE REASON. (p. 55)
VII. THE IDEA AND DIVISION OF A SPECIAL SCIENCE UNDER THE TITLE "CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON". (p. 58)
- Pure Reason: that which contains the principles whereby we know anything absolutely a priori.
- Transcendental: all knowledge which is occupied, not so much with objects, as with the mode of our knowledge of objects in so far as this mode is possible a priori.
- The subject-matter is the understanding which passes judgment upon the nature of things, and this understanding again only in respect of its a priori knowledge.
- Transcendental Philosophy is only the idea of a science.
- The critique of pure reason has to lay down the complete architectonic plan.
- It is a system of all principles of pure reason.
- Sensibility: through which objects are given to us.
- Understanding: through which objects are thought.
Forward to the Transcendental Doctrine Of The Elements: TRANSCENDENTAL AESTHETIC
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